December 2018

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Bob, a very important business man in Squid Bay NSW, was about to close a deal on a shopping
complex. While driving his mobile rang and he pulled over on the side of the road to take the call. After
the call Bob did not check if any cars were approaching in the lane before pulling out onto the road.
Bob collided with Laura’s car and she was forced into the opposite lane resulting in Laura’s car hitting
Meredith’s car. Meredith suffered severe brain injury. Miraculously Laura was not injured and her car
hasn’t been damaged. However, the evidence indicates that Laura was going well above the speed limit
and if she had been driving within the speed limit she would have had time to react and avoid the
collision with Bob. Meredith is not negligent and therefore cannot be sued. Bob was severely injured.
Later that day Kevin hosted a small party at his house. Kevin had activities, such as egg and spoon
races, three legged races and apple bobbing. Kevin set up the apple bobbing in an inflatable paddling
pool. Apple bobbing involves players catching apples bobbing in water with only their teeth. Bob’s 14-
year-old son Craig attended the party and due to the sweltering heat was very hot and needed to cool
off with a swim. Seeing the inflatable pool Craig took a run up and dived into the paddling pool. Kevin
had carefully measured the level of the water in the pool to one metre. There was no signage indicating
the depth of the pool. Craig hit his head and as a result suffered serious injuries.
Advise the parties of their rights and liabilities in tort.
All events took place in New South Wales in November 2018.
Note –you are NOT required to discuss defences as this topic has not been completed at the
assignments due date.
Please DO NOT consider Motor Vehicle statutes and DO NOT discuss Criminal Law.
Focus on the material that has been covered in the LAW231 - Study Guide and lectures.

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*****Part I:  Case Study: Charles Veillon, S.A. (A) [50%]

1. In Zwahlen’s position as Veillon’s newly appointed executive director, what would be your priorities and concerns before hearing the report on child labor (i.e., what challenges does he face apart from the issue of possible child labor in the supply chain)?
2. Was Zwahlen’s decision to terminate the suppliers a good decision? Was it morally prudent? Was it consistent with Veillon’s corporate values?
3. Which parties are responsible for child labor? Does it make sense to hold companies like Veillon responsible?
4. Should Veillon do anything more about the child labor issue? If so, what are its options and what do you recommend?
5. In two or three paragraphs state your own theory of corporate social responsibility. Also, how does your theory inform your approach to this case about child labor?

[Background reading: “Save the Children,”ch. 6 from Out of Poverty by B. Powell]

 *****Part II:  Readings, Cases and Lectures [50%]

 Group A

1. (a) In your view, what is the purpose of the corporation in modern society (“Corporate Purpose and Responsibility”), and what does it mean to be a good global citizen? Do you agree with Genzyme’s broad views about corporate purpose or the narrow view espoused by Friedman? How would you assess Friedman’s claims that managers have a fiduciary obligation to the corporation’s owners and that it’s not prudent for corporations to stray from market forces? (b) What lessons about globalization (international economic integration) and foreign direct investment do you take away from this course? In your answer consider the behavior of MNC’s (e.g., GlaxoSmithKline, Royal Dutch Shell, Unocal, Apple) along with the experience of countries like India, China, Brazil, Bangladesh, and Nigeria.  Do you conclude that globalization (and liberal market capitalism) is a force for good or are you skeptical about the long-term effects and the implications for social justice? [Be specific and refer to cases we have studied].
2. (a) Is it possible to have universal moral principles for a global world or are we destined for ethical pluralism and cultural ethical relativism? Do you agree with the course’s proposal of moderate universalism based on a set of fourteen universal human rights? Refer to the reading (“Law, Morality, and Natural Rights”) and the presentations on moral theory in your answer, and illustrate with reference to one or more of the cases we have considered.  [E.G., regarding Apple and its suppliers — is it reasonable for Apple to apply different ethical standards to different countries?]  (b) The “Yahoo! in China” case (along with the Google and Linkedin cases) gave us an opportunity to explore the tensions that arise when a business has operations in places where domestic law appears to be at odds with certain human rights.  Is there a universal right to free expression as suggested in the article “Business and Human Rights” (see also UN’s Declaration on Human Rights); if so, how can it be justified and what should have been Yahoo’s (and Google’s) response?  [If you disagree with the universality of such a right, what are your specific arguments and what are the implications for doing business in countries like China?]
3. (a) “Public Policy and the Manager” reveals how policies originate as responses to an imperfect functioning of the market which deviates from the social optimum. Explain the market failures that trigger government intervention and provide some examples from course cases and lectures. Under what conditions should regulators let markets self-correct?  Is this simple economic model adequate for policy decisions or is economic efficiency insufficient as the sole criterion for assessing market failure? (b) Based on your reading of the cases on the pharmaceutical and biotech industries, what is your assessment of pharmaceutical patents as a solution to the public goods problem?  Do these patents as currently structured enhance social welfare?  Would you adjust that structure?  Do you agree with the provisions of TRIPs, and this “one size fits all” approach to global intellectual property rights? Should countries like India be allowed to implement or adjust the TRIPS template to suit their own needs and ideological preferences?

Group B

4. (a) The Chiquita brands case is about the politics of trade and the practice of protectionism. What role has politics played in the history of Chiquita Brands, and its predecessor United Fruit Company? Is the European Union (EU) banana regime good policy or bad? Is it development aid or protectionism? What concern (if any) should the EU ministers have for the fate of US banana companies like Chiquita? Finally, how do you assess Chiquita’s management of this volatile political situation – how could they have better managed things to hedge the risk of higher tariffs and more restrictive quotas?  (b) Is “political neutrality” a plausible guiding principle for major business corporations such as Royal Dutch Shell (see “RDS in Nigeria” case)?  Is such an apolitical stance realistic in the era of globalization, and does it enable companies to avoid allegations of ethical imperialism?  Is it a suitable reaction to the more aggressive political activism of United Fruit Company (UFC) in the 1950’s (“The Octopus and the Generals”) or ITT in the 1970’s (“Note on Political Involvement and Corporate Activism”)? Is there a way for MNC’s to intervene in local affairs in a way that is morally prudent?
5. 5. (a) The Firestone case details the relationship between Firestone and the warlord Charles Taylor. Did Firestone have any other options but to make a deal with Taylor? Do you agree with Firestone’s decision to return in 1992 and make the payments to Taylor and the NFPL?  What about doing business there after Taylor was elected president?  Finally, we have introduced the “condition-of-business principle” as a basis for making such decisions. Critically assess that principle and discuss how it applies to Firestone. (b) On a basic level, “Going Rogue: Choson Exchange in North Korea” introduces the realities of doing business at the utmost extremes of the world economy.  What is it that makes North Korea a “rogue state” and is that a meaningful term? Is Choson Exchange a good idea – what does it hope to achieve? Should companies like Choson engage at all with rogue states, and should it enter into its for-profit space?  This case also engages with an influential tradition of political economy according to which trade and commerce “gradually introduce order and good government, and with them, the liberty and security of individuals of the country, who had before lived almost in a continual state of war with the neighbors.”[1]  Do you agree with this idea and do you think that trade and foreign direct investment in North Korean will promote peace?
6. (a) One of the main themes of the course has been the problem of “institutional voids” (at the macro level) in emerging and frontier markets. Cases such as ArcelorMittal, Firestone, and Blood Bananas have dealt with this topic. Should multinationals avoid doing business in such countries? If not, how can they overcome or coexist with these institutional voids? What problems arise when businesses in the world economy globally influence, shape, and at times perform tasks habitually identified with governments? Specifically, given the low-state capacity in Liberia, ArcelorMittal helped organize a private sector response to the Ebola crisis.  What lessons can be drawn from this experience? (b) Another major theme of this course has been the historical contingency and non-linear history of global capitalism.  Drawing from the Singer Sewing case and the class presentation on the history of globalization, discuss what can be learned from “Globalization 1.0.” What were some of the complex challenges faced by pioneer 19^th century multinational firms like Singer? Why was this company successful in capturing so much of the world market at the time? What could today’s multinationals learn from its experience?  Finally, does the current period of globalization have an “Achilles Heel,” and could it end again?

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NMBR140/ACHE 105 Introduction to Mathematical Thinking

ASSESSMENT TASK 1 (AT1): PROBLEM SHEET

You are to attempt all 4 problems giving written fully justified mathematical arguments for your solutions. All strategies used should be fully documented.  Use a variety of resources such as physical constructions, squared paper and spreadsheets to solve your problems.

Please read the criteria carefully to ensure you are demonstrating all Learning Outcomes at a satisfactory or higher level. Submit all work done on tasks including rough notes as appendices whether or not you believe you have completely solved a particular problem. To met the criteria at least at the satisfactory level you need to genuinely attempt (but not necessarily completely solve) all four problems.

PROBLEM 1: The Integer Problem: Given any 9 integers, show that you can choose two of them that have a difference that is a multiple of eight.

Parts A and B can be attempted in collaboration with another student. (Keep a record of your collaboration or any individual contribution in a Log book.)

A: Three sets of nine random integers (from 1 to 100 inclusive) have been generated using a CAS-enabled graphing calculator (See Figure 1.)

Figure 1. Three sets of nine random integers.

Investigate by any means, which 2 numbers from each set have a difference that is a multiple of 8. Clearly record your calculations and all reasoning.

B: Generate your own four random sets of integers. Apply your reasoning from A

C: Independently, investigate and solve the general problem (problem 1). Communicate your mathematical argument as to why it is always possible to choose two integers from a set of nine that have a difference that is a multiple of eight.

Note: A Spreadsheet may be useful for this problem. If you use a spreadsheet for this, or any other problem, include a printout of the file in your work. If you use any formulas you also need to print a version of the spreadsheet showing the formulas. Upload your spreadsheet to LEO with your submission of AT1. [To show formulas in all cells, go to the Formula Tab and select Show Formulas.]

PROBLEM 2: The Circus Wallabies Problem

Last night I dreamed of an imaginary circus where wallabies did tricks. Three grey wallabies and three red wallabies performed the following trick. At the beginning of the trick, the 3 grey wallabies were on the left side of a long mat partitioned into 7 squares, and the 3 red wallabies were on the right side. Each wallaby had its own square with an empty square in the middle.

The wallabies can only move in two different ways. They can hop to the adjacent square if it is empty. If the adjacent square was not empty, they could jump over one other wallaby to an empty square.

The grey wallabies moved only from left to right. The red wallabies moved only from right to left. When the trick was over all the wallabies had swapped places. All the grey wallabies were on the were on the right side, and all the red wallabies were on the left side.

Parts A and B can be attempted in collaboration with another student. (Keep a record of your collaboration or any individual contribution in a Log book.)

1. The wallabies needed 15 moves to swap places. Explain using words and diagrams how this was possible. How many moves were hops? How many moves were jumps?
2. What is the smallest number of moves that 5 grey wallabies and 5 red wallabies would need to swap places (using a long mat partitioned into 11 squares). Explain using words and diagrams how this was possible. How many moves were hops? How many moves were jumps?

Independent work.

1. What if 20 grey wallabies and 20 red wallabies were involved? How many hops would be needed? How many jumps would be needed? How many moves would be made in total? Communicate clearly the reasoning you used to solve the problem.
2. Solve the problem for any number of wallabies?

PROBLEM 3: The Hexagon Problem

Figure 2. A tangram.

Using all pieces from one tangram set (see Figure 2) it is possible to create many different figures.

• Five convex hexagons can be created. Find all five of these, discussing your approach. What is the same about the figures created and what is different?
• Finding concave hexagons. Develop as systematic approach – and communicate this clearly using words and diagram – to find as many concave hexagons as you can.

Note: The emphasis is on communicating your system and thus demonstrating mathematical thinking. A file with multiple tangram sets is available in the resource folder on LEO

PROBLEM 4: The Ramp Problem- A real-world modelling problem

Source: http://accessadvocates.com/wheelchair-ramps-important/     Source: https://www.networx.com/article/wheelchair-ramp-cost

Ramps are important. If you use a wheelchair for mobility, getting to places can be difficult. Just because you are in a wheelchair should not mean you are denied access to any building (e.g., Disability Discrimination Act (Access to Premises – Building) 2010). Hence, wheelchair ramps are critical. In addition to the unavailability of disabled access many ramps pose many problems to their users. Issues to be considered in ramp design according to the National Construction Code (NCC) (2019) based on the relevant Australian Standard include:

• Maximum transition gradient: Transition from one surface to another can pose issues for wheelchairs. Ramps must have a gradient no more than 1 : 8.
• Rolling resistance which effects traversability and stability.
• Width impacting manoeuvrability and turning
• Camber
• Ramp length vs Gradient (shorter ramps can be steeper, accounting for fatigue of users, but the maximum ramp length (of 9 metres) must have a gradient of 1:14 (NCC, 2019).

The controlling dimensions for ramps, handrails and kerbs are also detailed in the relevant Australian Standard. A ramp at a gradient of 1:14 should have a landing at 9 metre intervals.

Ramps: Are they legal and or fit for purpose?

Identify 3 ramps – specify the specific location (they must be at different buildings/ locations). Include at least one ‘old’ ramp if possible. Include a photograph of each ramp. Ensuring you respect the owners and users of the ramp, make appropriate measurements. Sketch or draw a scale diagram showing all important measurements of your selected ramps.

Evaluate your selected ramps to answer the two questions. Firstly, do they meet the Australian Standards? If not, what changes are required. Secondly, consider how fit for purpose your three ramps are. Propose some criteria (a mathematical model) and use these to order your three ramps from best to least fit for purpose. Make arguments for proposed change to improve one or more of your ramps.

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QUESTION: There are gaps in the law (propositions about the law that are neither true nor false until a correctly authorised legal official or group makes them true or false)

There are two basic ways to do this summative. One is to see the course material as background and skills development, getting you ready to do some research and writing on your own. This method would be to research the question independently, understanding the different schools as background to the debate you will see when researching the topic directly. The other way is to pick some of the theories that are relevant to the question from our readings and to put them in opposition to each other over this issue, seeing the research mainly as adding to what you already know about what the theories are saying on the subject. In either case (but needing to be said more to those doing the second), you do NOT need to show a comprehensive command of the views we studied. (That would likely be a detriment.) I’ve made it pretty clear that Dworkin is the main guy on the other side of the issue, that positivism and realism are the main theories on the pro- side but that other theories could be used creatively on one side or another. In the second method you have to be careful not to simply set the theories against each other and say you prefer the side that argues for gaps. You need to show why that side is stronger on that issue. (You can’t say law has gaps is true because legal positivism says so and legal positivism is better than Dworkin – especially if you end up saying it’s better than Dworkin because it argues for gaps – as that would be begging the question.)

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FIN4910: Financial Planning Case ; Booth and Needa Martini      

 Today, January 1, 2017, Booth and Needa Martini have come to you, a financial planner, for help in developing a plan to accomplish their financial goals.  From your initial meeting together, you have gathered the following information:

1. Personal Background and Information

Booth Martini

Age 60 employed 25 years as a Vice President for an oil field services company.

He participates in a 401k plan at work where the company matches $.25 on each

$1.00 Booth contributes up to 5% of his salary.  Currently, Booth is putting the

5% in to get his employer’s match.  His salary is currently $100,000 and he

generally gets a 3% raise each year (assume this continues).

Needa Martini

Age 48 owns Publications, Inc. and Needa’s Advertising, Inc.  Needa takes

$40,000 in withdrawals combined, as a salary from the two businesses.

The combined fair market value of the businesses, though since she is the primary employee, should she decide to liquidate the businesses, it is assumed she would net $100,000.

Booth and Needa Martini

They met July 4, 1995 on a cruise, fell in love, and married November 23, 1995.

They have no children together.

Booth’s children from a previous marriage

Michael           Age 34

James               Age 32

Brian               Age 30

Lucy                Age 28

All are healthy, employed, married, and not living with Booth and Needa.

1. Personal and Financial Goals
2. Needa plans to sell her businesses.
3. Booth planed to retire in 5 years, but would like to do it now (life expectancy is 25 years )
4. They plan to sell their primary residence which is not paid off. (Could net $300,000)
5. They plan to refinance their vacation home and have that be a temporary home base. Fair market value of vacation home is $150,000.  Original mortgage at 9%, 15 years.  Current mortgage balance is $120,000, remaining term is 120 months and the current payment is $1,522 per month (principal and interest).
6. They would like to be able to travel extensively before deciding where to permanently relocate.
7. Booth and Needa think they would need 2/3 of the current combined income in order to live the lifestyle they currently think they live. You need to determine if this is possible, and/or required.

III. Economic Information

• They expect inflation to average 3.0% (CPI) annually over both the short and long-term.
• Expected stock market return of 11% on the S&P index (this is the Martini’s guess)
• T-bills are currently yielding 4%
• Current mortgage rates are:
  • Adjustable 5 year balloon          25%
  • Fixed 15 year                               75%
  • Fixed 30 year 25%
• Closing costs are expected to be 3% of any mortgage
• They will finance closing costs in any refinance

1. Insurance Information

Life Insurance

Policy 1                                   Policy 2

Insured                                                Booth                                      Needa

Owner                                     Booth                                      Needa

Beneficiary                              Children (25% each)               Booth

Face Amount                          $200,000                                 $150,000

Cash value                                           0                                              0

Type of Policy                         Term                                        Term

Settlement Options                 Lump Sum                              Lump Sum

Premium (annual)                    $650                                        $450

Health Insurance – Employer provides during employment only.  The current coverage is for Booth and Needa.

Disability Insurance – Neither has disability insurance

Homeowner’s Insurance – HO3 on both primary residence and vacation home.

Residence                    Vacation Home

Dwelling                     $300,000                     $150,000

Co-Insurance               80/20                           80/20

Deductible                       0                                  0

Umbrella Policy - $3,000,000

Automobile Insurance – Maximum liability, no comprehensive or collision.

1. Investment Data

 - Emergency fund is at $20,000

- The Martinis can accept moderate risk

- Booth’s IRA investment portfolio is $200,000 with half invested in low to medium risk equity mutual funds.  Needa is beneficiary

- The other half is in staggered maturity short-term treasury notes.

- Booth Martini expects to use the income from the treasury notes to make up any short fall between his retirement needs and his 401(k) plan for period of time until Social Security benefits are received (would like to start at 62, understands benefits will be reduced).

-Booth is currently earning 5.0% on the short-term treasury notes, though when they mature, 4.0% will be the going rate on any new investments in this type of security.

-Other than IRAs, Needa’s business, and any other retirement accounts, all assets are listed as JTWROS (joint tenants with rights of survivorship).

1. Income Tax Information

- Booth and Needa Martini file a joint tax return and are both average and marginal 28% taxpayers with state income tax of 5%.

VII. Retirement Information

 -The present value of Booth’s Social Security benefits at 65 is $13,500 per year or 80% of that amount at age 62.  Social Security benefits are expected to increase at the same rate as inflation (listed above).

-Booth has the 401(k) plan at work which currently has a value of $400,000.

-Needa has no IRA funding, but created a SEP-IRA plan for her business and it has a balance of $100,000 (split into a guaranteed investment contract fund and a money market fund)

VIII. Gifts, Estates, Trusts, and Will Information

 Gifts – In 1986, Booth gifted $200,000 to each of his four children.  The $800,000 was put into an irrevocable trust.  Needa has made no taxable gifts during her lifetime.

Estates – For purposes of estimating estate tax liability (of either spouse):

• Last illness and funeral estimated at $20,000
• Estate administration expense estimated at $30,000

Wills – Booth and Needa have simple wills leaving all probate assets to the other.  Debts and taxes are to be paid from the inheritance of the survivor.

1. Statement of Financial Position

All assets are stated at fair market value.

Liabilities are stated at principal only.

CASE ASSIGNMENT

 Your job as a financial planner is to develop a comprehensive financial plan for Booth and Needa Martini.  You can make assumptions along the way, but must justify the assumptions with data and use those assumptions in to make your recommendations.  A lot of data about this family has been presented in the previous pages.  Carefully look over the information.  Some information is more relevant than other information.  You must determine how to approach this information and develop a plan that maximizes the financial way of life for the Martini family, without taking an inordinate amount of risk.

In your financial plan you must address the following areas:

• Description and Scope of the plan  (20 points)
• Statement of Goals  (10 points)
• Retirement Needs Analysis    (50 points)
  • Calculate the amount needed in retirement
  • Bring lump sum needed back to the present
  • Establish the current value of projected future investments
  • Compare resources and needs
  • Establish additional savings needed to reach goals (if any)
• Insurance Needs Analysis   (50 points)
  • Determine amount/type needed to fund pre-retirement
  • Determine amount/type needed to fund the retirement period (based on life expectancy of each)
  • Determine the total lump sum needed today
  • Establish Insurance needs
• Investments/Savings Analysis   (50 points)
  • Determine status of financial asset allocation
  • Determine appropriate risk levels currently
  • Determine appropriate risk levels for retirement
  • Determine if the businesses should be sold, and when
  • Determine the status and rational for keeping residence and vacation home properties (or liquidating)
• Gifts, Estates, Trusts, Will Analysis  (10 points)
  • Estate planning issues
    • Who gets what/most efficient way?
• Modifications to current situation in order to meet the goals   (50 points)
  • Submit a post-modification statement of financial position
• Summary/Plan Recommendations    (40 points)
  • You must sell this plan to the Martini’s as the plan then need to adopt.

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Explain how Work/Task/Organizational conditions can affect Humans; explain how advanced and modern Semi/Fully automated systems can create conditions for various Failure causation paradigms that can lead to Human error; explain the ‘Cause-and-Effect behavior dynamics’ of modern Complex socio-technical systems.

Using suitable practical examples from the Public or the Private sector, explain how Work/Task/Organizational conditions can affect Humans. Also explain what specific Human attributes should be taken into consideration for effective Human-Work/Task/Organizational integration during design and operations of modern Engineering systems.

Using Transportation sector as an example, explain how advanced and modern Semi/Fully automated systems can create conditions for various Failure causation paradigms that can lead to Human error.

Using a suitable practical example from the Public or the Private sector, explain the ‘Cause-and-Effect behavior dynamics’ of modern Complex socio-technical systems. Using examples, elaborate how unwanted situations can be generated within such a socio-technical system.

Explain how the ‘Structural dimensions of a Work system’ can be used to assess the inherent complexity of an Emergency response situation either in an Offshore/Land-based environment.

The medical sector is undergoing major changes trying to use the opportunities of digitalization. Explain how would you develop a framework/criterion to assess the ‘ICT impact of Work-life’ for a major Regional hospital, explaining what major aspects have to be considered and why, using technical/practical examples.

Using a suitable practical example from the Public or the Private sector, explain the relationships between ICT, Human, Knowledge, and Systems performance in modern industrial contexts. Also explain using technical/practical examples, what effects can be expected in modern digital systems if interfaces between ICT and Human are poorly designed.

Using suitable practical examples from the Public or the Private sector, explain the difference between Linear systems and Complex systems. Also explain how type of Interactions and type of Couplings can influence the Resilience of such Systems under abnormal/unwanted operational

Using suitable practical examples from the Public or the Private sector, explain what level of importance/effects that Skills, Rules, and Knowledge based behavior of Humans have in forthcoming technologically advanced digital industrial contexts. Give technical/practical examples of different measures that can be used to reduce Human error potential and to improve Human reliability in future Engineering systems.

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ENGLISH 104 FINAL: Are you a happy human being? Why/ why not? Use Russell’s and the Dalai Lama’s definitions of “happiness” and “contentment” as the basis for your answer

Based on what we’ve discussed concerning happiness, pleasure, and the individual vs. society through the texts we’ve read, the films we’ve watched, and the Moodle posts you’ve written, please answer the following prompt:

Use Russell’s and the Dalai Lama’s definitions of “happiness” and “contentment” as the basis for your answer. This means you will need to approach this question holistically and critically, not in a joking manner (think about the fact that Russell discusses two sides of the same coin that equate in happiness, while the Dalai Lama introduces new ideas that affect happiness such as greed and materialism). Do not scoff at the simplicity of this question, for all complex ideas appear simple on the surface, just as all life begins with a single cell. Take some time to let this question ruminate in your mind and heart, and really take the time to look at yourself and your life.

You’ve already written essays about morality, goodness, righteousness, beauty, justice, and humanity, and I’m sure that in the process of writing those essays you experienced some sort of mini existential crisis of your own (which is good, by the way!). This is your opportunity to start down the path of self-analysis and objectively rate yourself as a human being—

• who are you?
• how are you?
• how do you see yourself?
• how do others see you?
• what drives you?
• what positive and negative characteristics do you have?
• what makes you cry?
• what makes you feel shame?
• how do you act toward those superior and inferior to you?
• how do you treat nature and animals?
• what do you spend your time on?
• what do you want from life (and why)?
• who is your role model?
• who/ what influences your life?
• are you good/ bad?
• are you righteous?
• are you a fighter or worm?
• do you kneel to authority?
• are you brave or fearful?
• what emotions rule you (or are you ruled by cold logic)?
• what are you willing to die for?
• who/ what (if anything) do you place above you?
• what is the most important thing in your life?
• do you know your purpose on this earth?
• what are your fears, dreams, ambitions, secrets, guilty pleasures, etc.?
• what would you change about you if anything) and why?
• do you love yourself?
• are you worthy of being loved?
• are you a worth human being?

You don’t have to answer these questions in your essay (though you’ll have to incorporate at least a few in the process of explaining why you are or are not happy), but you should definitely think about the answers to these and questions like these before you sit down to write this paper. Now, I understand that I’m asking you to cram into a small amount of time and space questions that will realistically take you a lifetime to figure out, but give it a try. Take the first step…

In the process of your explanation about why you are or are not a happy human being, I want you to give examples from life that make you happy or not. These can be grand things or little, unnoticeable moments of beauty and serenity, like Ricky’s dancing plastic bag in American Beauty. Whatever you choose, you must explain it. Discuss how that happiness can be maintained (if you have it) or attained (if you don’t). In other words, what do you need to be happy? Are you a happy person by nature or do you just have moments of happiness?

Remember, this is still an argumentative paper, which means you need to argue that you are or are not happy. So for example, if I’m arguing that I’m a happy human being, I may say that an example of what makes me happy is hearing the sound of birds singing in the quiet and solitude of a hike, or that first glimpse of the ocean as it opens up around the bend when you take Las Virgenes Canyon to PCH. But then I need to explain how/why this makes me happy, so I may say that the sound of the birds makes me happy because the music they make in the quiet of the trees makes me feel peaceful and gives me a moment of harmony in a world of chaos and noise; the sight of the ocean opening up around the bend makes me happy because it’s like opening a present, when you’ve been driving through a canyon of grandeur in which you are nothing but a speck, and then you come into view of water, as if you’d been in the desert, of water that is part of an even grander body, which puts you in your very small and limited place in the world, and being put in your place gives you a momentary sense of relief and absolvement. Now that I’ve explained my examples, though, I need to connect everything, so I need to bring this back to Russell and Dalai Lama, so I may say that both of these examples make me happy because they help me reach a sense of inner contentment and harmony with the world around me. They allow me for a moment to be happy with who I am and where I am, and to appreciate that moment for all it is, which then allows me to take that positivity and carry it out into the world. Something like that. Obviously, you will have to expand.

And please, I beg of you, don’t make this essay into a farce. By all means, explore your creative side, your philosophical side, explore notions of beauty and ugliness, dig deep, etc. But take this seriously. And be objective. Perhaps in analyzing yourself you’ll come to find that while you appear to me happy on the outside, you’re greedy and bound to material possessions, which, according to the Dalai Lama definition of inner contentment, means that you are not happy, and therefore what you define as “happiness” is really only a synthetic happiness or an illusion of the state of happiness. Think about it… I suggest that you re-read Russell and Dalai Lama, think about our discussions, your posts, and the films. Think, take a look inside, and then write. Good luck!

Requirements

• min. 3 pages (you know what this means… and if you’d like to write more, you’re always welcome J)…. There’s a lot to cover here, and although I obviously reward quality over quantity, you may want to think about the message you’re sending if you turn in the bare minimum…. Just saying…
• You may use 1^st person (obviously)
• MLA standards
• No rubric is required

DUE: on the day of the final exam

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You have been asked by a leading energy production company to investigate the feasibility of improving the efficiency of an existing coal-fired power plant by moving towards a new coal-biomass fuelled carbon capture site. The upgrade will involve four sections of the overall power plant chain:

1. Evaluating the combustion process – The company would like to understand the air requirements of the coal-biomass blend in order to maximise CO2 for potential carbon capture and storage.

[ 25 Marks]

2. CO2 absorption reactor design - The flue gases from the combustion process are to be transported further downstream to an absorption reactor which is required to remove 95.0% of the CO2 emissions from the gas stream using an alkanolamine solvent.

[ 25 Marks]

3. Capillary curves – Porous reservoirs are frequently saturated by multiphase mixtures, e.g. oil and water, or oil and natural gas, or oil and CO2. Due to gravity heavier phases are predominantly located at the bottom of the reservoir, and lighter phases lie on top. The boundaries between the phases are smeared by capillary effects. The capillary pressure data are particularly required for predictions of reservoir initial fluid saturations.

[ 30 Marks]

4. Reservoir evaluations using permeability curves – The presence of a second phase can, depending on its distribution in the porous network, hinder the flow of the first phase. Various attempts have been made at describing two-phase flow in porous media where the extension of Darcy’s law is a very commonly used approach. Within this approach, the principle functional relationship remain as in the single-phase Darcy’s law, but coefficients are generally made phase-specific and permeability is made saturation dependent.

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Why do some people/ideas not make it into the “Mainstream” of the History of Economic  Thought?
1. Choose some work — a person or an idea that one or more people wrote about — that is not part
of the “mainstream” history of economic thought. By mainstream I am referring to the political
economists/economists we have talked about in class, those who are referenced in Heilbroner’s
books.
2. Provide a brief summary of the work of the person or the writings on an idea.
3. Why do you think this did not make it into the mainstream? Explain.
4. How does it compare with ideas that were part of the mainstream? Is there a political
economist/economist in the mainstream who is contemporary of the person or writers?
5. Does the lack of recognition of this work have any negative consequences for the state of
economic thought? Explain.
Instructions:
1. Please submit your paper typed, double-spaced, 3-5 pages.
2. Structure is important so write an introduction to the paper, main body, and a conclusion.
3. Include citations appropriately.
4. Include a reference page.
Rubric:
1. Answer all five parts of the question.
2. Explanations should support your arguments.
3. You will be evaluated primarily on content.
4. Effective communication is still important so you should be writing in complete sentences.
5. Use spell-check and grammar check to avoid spelling mistakes and grammatical errors.

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