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Human society experienced two significant and lasting changes which deserve to be called a revolution. The Neolithic Revolution began in 8000BC and lasted for a hundred of years. It affected how people settled on the land as agriculture was the main economic activity for the human species. Secondly, the Industrial Revolution occurred in the 18th century and continues to develop to date. The revolution began from the countryside and rapidly expanded into towns[1]. People in rural agrarian, European and American became urban and industrialized. Before the revolution, the people used their hands and basic machines to manufacture products and preparation of food items. Industrial revolution marked the shift to powered, special purpose machines that led to the establishment of factories and large production of goods. The textile and iron industries, as well as the development of steam engines, played an essential role in the industrial revolution. Consequently, the revolution improved banking, transport and communication systems. Industrialization led to increased variety and volume of manufactured goods. However, there was grim employment, poor working condition and deplorable living conditions for the poor majority.
Origin of industrial revolution
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain where people lived in rural and small communities where they concentrated on farming activities. Life was rather difficult due to low-income, diseases, and malnourishment. People made a bulk of clothing, tools, furniture, and food for local consumption. Manufacturing took place at rural shops, home and used locally-made hand tools. Several factors led to the growth of industrial revolution in Britain. As the birthplace of the industrial revolution, Britain was very rich in mineral resources such as iron ore and coal that proved vital to industrialization[2]. In addition, the United Kingdom experienced political stability as well as strong colonial power. The colonies would serve as raw material as well as the marketplace for the finished goods. The demand for finished goods from Britain increased and merchants needed a method of production that would save on the cost of production. Consequently, it led to increased factory and mechanization system.
[1] Outman, James L., Elisabeth M. Outman, and Matthew May. 2003. Industrial Revolution. Detroit: UXL.
[2] Toynbee, Arnold. 2013. The industrial revolution. [United States]: [publisher not identified].
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