Evidence Based Practice
Abstract
The opium poppy plant helped lay the groundwork for opiates. Opiates are used to make opioids which are a strong pain reliever. “Opium, narcotic drug that is obtained from the unripe seedpods of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum), a plant of the family Papaveraceae. Opium is obtained by slightly incising the seed capsules of the poppy after the plant’s flower petals have fallen. The slit seedpods exude a milky latex that coagulates and changes colour, turning into a gumlike brown mass upon exposure to air. This raw opium may be ground into a powder, sold as lumps, cakes, or bricks, or treated further to obtain derivatives such as morphine, codeine, and heroin https://www.britannica.com/science/opium#ref632594.” Opioids alter the brain’s reception to pain
Opioids History
The history of the opioid epidemic began with the British in the 1700’s, using their global power conquered and smuggled, opium derivates from India into China. Great Britain used opium trade to buy and export tea, silk, porcelain and other Chinese luxuries. As a result, the opium addiction wreaked havoc on the Qing Dynasty; rapidly, laying the groundwork for opioid use, misuse and abuse in the Western world.
As traffic continued to develop with opioids it was a staple commodity. Progressing to the Civil War, it catapulted the use of opiates, including morphine and heroin into our nation. The first line of treatment for pain, “though it could cure little, it could relieve anything,” Doctors and patient’s alike were tempted to use, misuse and abuse. (David T. Courtwright). Treatment for physical and mental discomforts-opioid use, misuse and abuse led to addiction.
Despite the practical purpose, despite the centuries, the decades the growing number of opioid use, misuse and abuse continues to sweep across our nation to an epidemic level. “Although the physical dependence and tolerance is a normal response that occurs with regular administration of an opioid and consists of a decrease in one or more effects of the opioid. Physical dependence and tolerance is not the same as addictive disease. (page 58 Medical Surg Vol 1)
The use of opioids is simply to treat pain, misuse of opioids is taking more than the prescribe amount and addiction is ….
The current opioid trends have steadily grown. The CDC report more than 40 people die every day from overdoses involving prescription opioids. In 2016, more than 64,000 Americans died from drug overdose.
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