What is Solar energy?

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Instructions

Answer the following questions.

Question 1

In the northern hemisphere, the prevailing wind direction in the latitudes between 0 and 30 degrees is expected to be:

a) North.

b) North-East.

c) South.

d) West.

Question 2

In the 1970s there was interest in developing wind power because of:

a) an oil crisis.

b) concern over global warming.

c) improvements in wind turbines.

Question 3

The mean wind speed at site A for a wind farm is 10% higher than at site B. What would be the expected increase in electricity production at site A compared to site B?

a) 10%

b) 20%

c) 30%

d) 33%

Question 4

The fraction of power in the wind that a modern wind turbine can extract is approximately:

a) 90%

b) 59%

c) 45%

Question 5

Turbine blades designed for three bladed turbines with the same tip-speed ratio have the same shape.

a) Yes

b) No

Question 6

A wind turbine designed for a tip-speed ratio λ = 9, is operating in a mean wind speed of 12 m s^–¹. The turbine blades are 50 m long. Estimate the number of revolutions made by the turbine in 30 years taking the capacity factor as 30%.

a) 10⁸

b) 310⁷

c) 310⁸

Question 7

A typical spacing between turbines in a wind farm in terms of their rotor diameters D, when space is not a premium, is approximately:

a) 5Dx8D

b) 2Dx3D

c) 15Dx20D

Question 8

The typical capacity factor of a wind farm is:

a) 10-20%

b) 20-40%

c) 40-60%

d) 60-80%

Question 9

The power output per square kilometre of a wind farm consisting of turbines with rotor diameters D in a mean wind speed u_m depends approximately on:

a) D²u_m²

b) D³u_m³

c) u_m³

Question 10

In a region where the mean wind speed is 8 m s^–¹, the area of land required for a wind farm to produce an average output of 100 MWe is about:

a) 33 km²

b) 50 km²

c) 100 km²

Question 11

Which of the following statements about off-shore wind are true?
Please select all that apply.

a) Wind speeds are generally higher at the same height and more constant than onshore.

b) There is more turbulence and as a consequently more fatigue.

c) There is more potential for expansion than for onshore.

d) Transmission distances from offshore wind farms can be shorter than for onshore ones.

Question 12

When wind is supplying less than ~20% of the power on a grid, its variability can be accommodated in the same way as ______ variations.

Question 13

The global technical onshore wind potential is about:

a) 1000 GWe

b) 20,000 GWe

c) 100,000 GWe

Question 14

There has been an annual growth in global installed wind capacity since 2010 of:

a) 12%

b) 17%

c) 28%

Question 15

Match the installed wind power capacities (GW) in 2015 to the countries.

China	~ 15 ~150 ~ 25 ~ 45 ~ 75
USA	~ 15 ~150 ~ 25 ~ 45 ~ 75
Germany	~ 15 ~150 ~ 25 ~ 45 ~ 75
India	~ 15 ~150 ~ 25 ~ 45 ~ 75
UK	~ 15 ~150 ~ 25 ~ 45 ~ 75

Question 16

Which of the following statements about wind power are true?
Please select all that apply.

a) It helps combat global warming.

b) It can help provide energy security.

c) It is always cheaper than power from gas.

d) It could provide 15-18% of the global electricity demand by 2050.

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